Innovation of the world calendar.

 

Now we have entered 2021. Our times and festivals are different from the rest. 2021 is the Roman year and in Europe and most countries, the new year begins in January. But this does not happen in all countries. 500 years ago in most Christian countries, New Year's Day was celebrated on 25 March and 25 December. For the first time, it was started by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar 45 years ago. Calendar currency in the Roman Empire. The Roman king Numa Jopilus introduced a new calendar based on the calculations of the Earth and the Sun. This calendar was of only 10 months, at that time it was customary to count a year in about 310 days. The week was also eight days. Nus considered January as the first month instead of March.

 

January is named after the Roman god Janus. The genus was considered a deity at the beginning of the Roman Empire and had two faces. The first month of March is considered to be the beginning of the front mouth and the end of the back mouth. Numa planned to start the year with the month of the initial deity, rather than war.

With the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century, the spread of Christianity increased as the Roman Empire shrank. People of this religion wanted to celebrate their new year from 25 March or 25 December. According to Christian belief, on March 25, there was a special angel named Gabriel. He gave the message to Mary, the mother of Jesus, that she had to give birth to Jesus Christ, the incarnation of God. Jesus was born on 25 December and Christians consider this day as Christmas and celebrate it. But there was a slight error in the calculation of time in the Julian calendar.

A clergyman named St. Bede said in the eighth century that a year consists of five hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds instead of 365 days and six hours. One problem with this theory was that according to the Julian calendar, it was eleven minutes and fourteen seconds long each year. Thus in 400 years went back three days. And to restore that time was work by Pope Gregory of the Roman Inquisition, about 10 days behind the arrival of the 16th century. In the 1580s, Gregory began working on a calendar with the astrologer Seva Silius. The calendar was completed in 1582.

But there was a difference of 26 seconds even when it was an improvement of 11 minutes. Because of this difference of 26 seconds every year, this calendar shows a defect of three hours in 435 years. In 4909, there will be a difference of one full day in this calendar. This can be improved to eliminate the 26-second defect. widely used today. This English calendar is not correct. There must be something wrong with this. The calendar is a matter of astronomy. In the early stages, they formed three or four branches to study the mysteries of nature, including astronomy. Mathematics develops exclusively based on astronomical assumptions. Historians have also brought facts. Man has played an independent role in the development of science in different parts of the world. Every calendar in the world has its own accuracy. Even the Gregorian calendar is considered more convenient.

It took time for the calendar to be established in our country. It was adopted by Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal in 1582. The Catholic states of Germany – Switzerland, Holland – 1583, Poland – 1586, Hungary – 1587, and the Protestant denominations of Germany and Poland and the Netherlands and Denmark in 1700, the British Empire – 1752, China in 1912, Russia and Java in 187. India also adopted this calendar in 1752. The Gregorian calendar is also called the English calendar. However, the British did not adopt it for 150 years. India was ruled by Britain in 1752. Hence India also adopted this calendar in 1752. Almost every state in India has its own New Year. Diwali means the beginning of the Gujarati sitting year after the fall of Marathi Gudi. The new year is celebrated on the first day of the month of Chaitra in the Hindu calendar. It is celebrated in the last week of March or early April. There is a problem with this calendar. Three out of every four years are compensated as leap years. But there is still a gap of 14 seconds every year. As the year 5000 approaches, it will create a gap of one more day. Corrections can be made based on this calculation.

The Muslim calendar is calculated from the Hijri Samvat. It starts with Muharram. Muharram is considered the first Islamic new year. Muharram is the festival of love. On this day Hazrat Imam Hussain was assassinated in Karbala. Therefore it is a day of mourning for Muslims. Then come Rabiul Awal and Rabiul Akhar and Shalan and Ramzan.

Similarly, the Parsi year is also different. Julius Caesar created a new calendar based on the new calculations. There are only 12 months in this calendar. Caesar, in discussions with experts, concluded that it takes 365 days and 6 hours for the Earth to orbit the Sun. Caesar increased the Roman calendar from 310 to 365 days, and changed February from 28 to 29 days every four years, thus increasing every four years. One day could be adjusted. Year 45 started from 1st January year 44 AD. Earlier, Julius Caesar had been assassinated. In his mind, the seven months of the year were named Quintilis July and the eighth-month Sensilites i.e. August. Thus August falls in the sixth month of the ten-month year. As far as the Roman Empire is concerned, the new year started in January.

The scientist St. Bede also contributed to the creation of the Gregorian calendar. He confidently stated a year and after research found that 365 days in a year are not six hours but five hours 48 minutes and a few seconds. Five hundred years after the quote, Roger Bacon also corrected the one year, and the calendar was revised in 1582. Ten days have been removed from Pope Gregory's revised calendar and the calendar has been shortened to 10 days.

The new year has started. But that too is not as pure as I said earlier. Five hundred years ago in Christian countries, the new year started on 25 March and 25 December. Today the new year starts on the same day as usual. But the calculation is wrong.

The Gregorian calendar starts on January 1. Lippier comes every four years. In other words, if the year is 400, then the division of 400 does not occur in 1900, so the year 2000 is considered a leap year. Different calendars are implemented in different parts of the country. Vikram Samvat is in force in some parts of the country.

In this way, the human race keeps on calculating the time according to its convenience.

Thanks for reading this Blog.